Index

    • Aaron, David
      • Czechoslovakia, 103, 115
      • German Democratic Republic, 1 34
      • Hungary, 171
      • Romania, 186, 207, 214, 216, 223, 224
      • Soviet propaganda broadcasting, 66
      • U.S. covert publications program, 2, 17
      • U.S. differentiated policy structure, 6, 10, 14
      • U.S. international broadcasting program, 64, 75, 79
      • Yugoslavia
        • Intelligence cooperation, 259
        • Mondale visit (1977), 236
        • Post-Tito contingency planning, 276, 277, 278
        • U.S. economic aid, 265
        • U.S. economic cooperation with, 248
        • U.S. military sales, 257, 266, 268, 270, 285, 287
        • U.S. trade with, 271
    • Abdul-Rauf, Muhammed, 68
    • Abshire, David, 47, 48
    • Aczel, Gyorgy, 146
    • Administration transition period (1980–81), 80, 175, 176
    • Aggrey, O. Rudolph
      • Romania
        • Arab-Israeli conflict, 287
        • Blumenthal Romania visit, 211
        • Carter-Ceausescu correspondence, 186
        • Ceausescu visit (1978), 189, 200, 204
        • Credentials presentation, 188
        • Foreign policy, 203
        • Horodinca defection case, 222
        • Iran hostage crisis and, 219
        • Mondale-Burtica meetings, 226
        • Pacepa defection case, 207
        • Polish crisis (1980) and, 233
        • Political situation, 213
        • Rauta case, 195, 204
        • Ridgway-Andrei meetings, 229
        • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 221
        • Soviet relations with, 212
        • World Bank/IMF loans, 234
    • Albania, 30, 88
    • Albright, Madeleine, 78, 115, 263, 297
    • Albright, Raymond, 254
    • Aleksandrov-Agentov, Andrei M., 282
    • Alekseyeva, Lyudmila, 8
    • Allworth, Edward, 68
    • Amalrik, Andrey, 3, 8
    • American Jewish Committee, 215, 217
    • American Jewish community, 214, 215, 216, 217
    • Amnesty International, 121, 234
    • Anderson, David, 99, 147, 247
    • Anderson, Jack, 69
    • Andrei, Stefan
      • Arab-Israeli conflict, 187, 221, 229
      • Blumenthal visit, 211
      • Brzezinski meetings, 206, 208
      • Ceausescu U.S. visit (1978), 194, 200, 201, 204
      • Export controls, 218
      • Foreign policy, 203
      • Iran hostage crisis, 219, 229
      • Most Favored Nation status, 185
      • Norfolk port access, 218
      • Pacepa defection case, 27, 207, 209
      • Polish crisis (1980), 233
      • Political situation, 194, 213
      • Ridgway meetings, 229
      • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, 221, 229
      • U.S. international broadcasting program, 58
      • Vance meetings, 201, 202, 209, 218
      • Vance visit proposals (1979), 219
      • Warsaw Pact PCC meeting, 211
      • World Bank/IMF loans, 234
    • Andrews, Nicholas G.
    • Anghel, Petre, 184
    • Apro, Antal, 36
    • Arab-Israeli conflict (see also Romania and Arab-Israeli conflict)
    • Armitage, Jack, 136, 141, 179
    • Arms control. See Strategic Arms Limitation (SALT) talks; UN Special Session on Disarmament.
    • Atherton, Alfred L. “Roy,” 188
    • Atkinson, Richard C., 13
    • Austria, 105
    • Avram, Ion, 200, 204
    • Axen, Hermann, 125
    • Babalau, Constantin, 213
    • Babiuch, Edward, 38
    • Bahro, Rudolf, 26, 133
    • Bakaric, Vladimir, 269, 273, 288
    • Banlaki, Gyorgy, 166
    • Barnes, Harry G., Jr., 179, 185
    • Barraclough, William, 164
    • Barry, Robert
    • Bartholomew, Reginald
      • German Democratic Republic, 128
      • Romania, 206, 228, 230
      • U.S. international broadcasting program, 57, 61
      • U.S. policy toward Eastern Europe, 25
      • U.S. refugee assistance, 33
      • U.S.-Soviet relations, 21, 22
      • Yugoslavia, 277, 278
    • Bass, Kenneth, 70
    • Battle Act (Mutual Defense Assistance Control Act), 230
    • Bednar, Jiri, 106
    • Begin, Menachem, 183, 184
    • Beil, Gerhard, 122, 124
    • Belovski, Dimce, 236, 238, 244, 251, 254, 258
    • Bennigsen, Alexandre, 68
    • Benson, Lucy Wilson, 266, 267, 271, 272
    • Bergland, Robert, 202, 205
    • Bergold, Harry E., Jr., 44, 174, 175, 176
    • Bergsten, C. Fred, 6
    • Berlin, 1, 124, 130, 131
    • Berlinguer, Enrico, 243
    • Bernard, Noel, 58
    • Bernardic, Dragan, 244, 254
    • Besteliu, Ion, 214, 216
    • Biden, Joseph R., Jr., 158, 159
    • Biermann, Wolf, 5, 26, 121, 133
    • Biester, Edward, 47
    • Bilak, Vasil, 108
    • Binder, David, 72, 77
    • Bingham, Jonathan B., 136, 158
    • Blackwill, Robert D., 93, 282
    • Blech, Klaus, 55
    • Bloomfield, Lincoln, 37
    • Blumenthal, W. Michael, 1, 13, 16, 202, 210, 211, 249
    • B’nai B’rith International, 214, 215
    • Board for International Broadcasting (BIB). See U.S. international broadcasting program.
    • Bobtodorova, Elena, 93
    • Bobu, Emil, 213
    • Bogatyrev, Konstantin, 8
    • Bogdan, Corneliu, 210, 215, 216, 217, 232, 233, 234
    • Bolen, David B., 118, 123, 125, 127, 130, 131
    • Bolger, William F., 129
    • Boorstin, Daniel, 82
    • Borg, C. Arthur, 4
    • Bowdler, William G., 17
    • Bowie, Robert R., 6, 14, 19, 22
    • Bowman, Maj. Gen. Richard C., 258, 261, 275, 278, 285
    • Bradtke, Robert, 215, 232, 234
    • Brandt, Willy, 120
    • Brement, Marshall
      • Bulgaria, 93
      • Dissident movements, 37
      • Eastern European political situations, 35
      • German Democratic Republic, 132
      • Soviet propaganda broadcasting, 66
      • U.S. international broadcasting program, 72, 75, 78
      • Yugoslavia, 266, 268
    • Bremer, L. Paul, III, 218, 281
    • Brezhnev, Leonid
      • Carter correspondence, 42
      • Czechoslovakia, 108
      • Polish crisis (1980), 42
      • Political situation, 35
      • Romania, 205, 206
      • Soviet policy toward Eastern Europe, 30
      • Warsaw Pact PCC meeting, 210
      • Yugoslavia, 243, 282
    • Bridges, Peter, 41, 173, 176, 232, 233, 234
    • Brody, Clifford, 196, 202
    • Brown, Gen. George S., 1, 13, 14, 16, 228, 241
    • Brown, Rear Adm. Taylor, 261
    • Brown, Harold
      • Export controls, 13
      • Helsinki Accords implementation, 10
      • U.S. covert publications program, 2
      • U.S. differentiated policy structure, 6, 14, 16
      • U.S. policy review, 1
      • Yugoslavia, 241, 245, 246, 255, 259, 260, 297
    • Browne, Monroe, 80
    • Brumberg, Abe, 17
    • Brzezinski, Zbigniew K.
      • Bulgaria, 93, 94
      • Czechoslovakia, 103, 109, 111, 115
      • Dissident movements, 3, 5, 19, 37
      • Eastern European political situations, 9, 35
      • Export controls, 12
        • Presidential Review Memoranda, 13
        • Romania, 204
      • German Democratic Republic, 128, 132, 134
      • Helsinki Accords implementation, 10
      • Hungary
        • Aaron-Nagy meetings, 171
        • Carter oral message, 159
        • Crown of St. Stephen, 143, 144, 154
          • Hunter memoranda, 137
          • Hyland/Hunter memoranda, 140
          • King memoranda, 148, 157
          • Oakar communications, 160
          • Reactions to return of, 152
          • Tarnoff memoranda, 146
          • Vance memoranda, 150, 156, 158
        • Grain diversion, 169, 170
        • Huszar meetings, 166
        • Most Favored Nation status, 148, 164
      • Jackson-Vanik Amendment waivers extension, 165
      • Polish crisis (1980), 42
      • Romania
        • Andrei meetings, 206, 208
        • Blumenthal visit, 210
        • Carter-Ceausescu correspondence, 186
        • Carter-Macovescu meetings, 187
        • Carter-Pungan meetings, 177
        • Ceausescu visit (1978), 181, 197, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204
        • Horodinca defection case, 222
        • Most Favored Nation status, 180
        • Pacepa defection case, 207
        • Political situation, 193
        • Rauta case, 195, 202
        • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 220
        • U.S. military sales proposals, 223, 224, 228
        • U.S. relief aid, 181
      • Soviet propaganda broadcasting, 65, 66
      • U.S. covert publications program
        • CIA papers, 3
        • Henze memoranda, 17, 20, 29, 32, 34, 37
        • Special Coordination Committee discussions, 2
        • Turner memoranda, 28
      • U.S. international broadcasting program, 45, 46, 48
        • Administration transition period (1980-81), 80
        • Board for International Broadcasting tensions, 62
        • Budget cuts, 57, 59, 60
        • Cherne memoranda, 76
        • Christopher memoranda, 53
        • Gronouski BIB chair appointment, 47
        • Holtzman investigation, 69
        • Intelligence Information Special Reports, 58
        • Muslim audiences, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78
        • Persian-language broadcasting, 61
        • Soviet jamming, 79
        • Special Coordination Committee discussions, 70
        • U.S.-Federal Republic of Germany discussions, 52, 54
        • Voice of America expansion proposals, 63, 64
      • U.S. policy toward Eastern Europe
        • King memoranda, 25
        • Policy review, 1
        • U.S. differentiated policy structure, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 27, 36
        • U.S.-Soviet relations and, 21, 22, 39
      • U.S. refugee assistance, 31, 33
      • U.S.-Soviet relations, 21, 22, 39, 238
      • Yugoslavia
        • Belovski meetings, 238
        • Carter-Kardelj meetings, 243, 244
        • Carter-Tito correspondence, 239
        • Carter visit (1980), 294, 295, 296
        • Intelligence cooperation, 259
        • Military cooperation, 270, 291
        • Military transfers to Ethiopia, 237, 238, 242
        • Overflight issues, 251
        • Post-Tito contingency planning, 251, 274, 275, 276, 278, 280, 284
        • Science/technology cooperation, 251
        • Tito condolences, 289
        • Tito funeral delegation, 279, 280, 282
        • Tito U.S. visit (1978), 251, 252
        • U.S. economic aid, 263, 265, 292
        • U.S. economic cooperation with, 248
        • U.S. military sales, 242, 243
          • Duncan memoranda, 241
          • Eagleburger memoranda, 286
          • Hunter memoranda, 257
          • Kimmitt/Brement/Larrabee memoranda, 266
          • Larrabee memoranda, 268, 285, 297
          • Tarnoff memoranda, 240
        • U.S. nuclear exports, 247, 251
    • Buell, Bill, 62
    • Bukovskiy, Vladimir, 3, 8, 37
    • Bulgaria
      • Albanian relations with, 88
      • Dissident movements, 5, 86
      • Economic situation, 95
      • Emigr, assassinations, 86, 87, 88
      • Family reunification cases, 83, 85, 88, 89, 93, 94
      • Foreign policy, 30, 95
      • Most Favored Nation status
        • Garthoff memoranda, 94
        • State Department papers, 11
        • U.S.-Bulgarian discussions, 83, 88, 91, 92, 93
        • Vance memoranda, 89
      • Political situation, 81, 95
      • Soviet relations with, 88, 90, 94, 95
      • U.S. international broadcasting program, 49, 67
      • U.S. relations with
        • Bonds claims, 11, 92, 94
        • Brement/Larrabee-Gotsev meetings, 93
        • Cultural agreement, 82, 83
        • Fishing quotas, 91
        • Garthoff-Gotsev discussions, 91
        • Garthoff memoranda, 94
        • Herz memoranda, 85
        • Iran hostage crisis and, 36
        • Perry memoranda, 95
        • Polish crisis (1980) and, 44
        • Presidential Directives, 83
        • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 36
        • State Department papers, 11
        • Tsvetkov U.S. visit (1977), 88, 89
        • U.S. differentiated policy structure and, 16, 83, 91, 94
        • Vance-Mladenov meeting proposals, 84, 87
        • Vance-Zhivkova meetings, 92
        • Zhivkova U.S. visit (1977), 82
      • Yugoslav relations with, 88, 246
    • Bureau of Intelligence and Research reports
      • No. 843, “Ceausescu’s Leadership Position,” 182
      • No. 954, “The Prospects for Domestic Stability in the GDR,” 121
      • No. 1238, “East Germany’s New Hard Line,” 133
      • No. 1429, “The Human Rights Movement in Czechoslovakia,” 110
    • Burg, Steven, 68
    • Burtica, Cornel, 211, 222, 226
    • Byrne, Malcolm, 42
    • Byrne, Thomas R., 96, 99, 100, 101, 102, 105, 106
    • Caddell, Pat, 153
    • Carlucci, Frank C., 70, 193, 278
    • Carrillo, Santiago, 243
    • Carter, Hodding, III, 112
    • Carter, Jimmy
      • Brezhnev correspondence, 42
      • Bulgaria, 82
      • Czechoslovakia, 98, 100
      • Dissident movements, 5, 37
      • Documents not declassified, 24
      • Eastern European political situations, 9
      • German Democratic Republic, 52, 134
      • Hungary
      • Iran hostage crisis
        • U.S. international broadcasting program and, 68
        • U.S.-Romanian relations and, 219, 221, 226, 229
        • Yugoslav responses, 279, 288, 295
      • Polish crisis (1980), 38, 42, 299
      • Romania
      • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, 36, 219, 220, 221, 295, 298
      • Soviet propaganda broadcasting, 65
      • U.S. covert publications program, 2
      • U.S. differentiated policy structure, 15, 16
      • U.S. foreign trade
        • Export controls, 12, 13, 177, 204
        • Jackson-Vanik Amendment waivers extension, 165
      • U.S. human rights policy, 5, 100, 173
      • U.S. international broadcasting program
        • Brzezinski memoranda, 45, 48, 52
        • Holtzman investigation, 69
        • Muslim audiences, 68, 71, 75
        • Persian-language broadcasting, 61
        • Soviet jamming, 79
        • U.S.-German Federal Republic discussions, 52
      • U.S. policy review, 1
      • U.S. refugee assistance, 31, 33
      • U.S.-Soviet relations, 36, 118, 238, 239
      • Yugoslavia
    • Carter, Rosalynn, 82
    • Carter-Ford debates (1976), 18
    • Casey, Mary Ann, 101
    • Ceausescu, Elena, 182, 225
    • Ceausescu, Nicolae (see also Romania)
      • Arab-Israeli conflict, 183, 184, 200, 203, 221, 226
      • Begin visit (1977), 183, 184
      • Blumenthal visit, 211
      • Carter correspondence, 177, 186, 221, 226, 229
      • Dissident movement and, 5, 26
      • Dissident repression, 179
      • Earthquake (1977), 182
      • Foreign policy, 30, 210, 225
      • Horodinca defection case, 222
      • Mondale meetings, 227
      • Most Favored Nation status, 203
      • Pacepa defection case, 207
      • Political situation, 178, 182, 194, 213, 232
      • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, 219, 220, 221, 227, 229
      • U.S. international broadcasting program, 58
      • U.S. visit (1978). See under Romania, U.S. relations with.
    • Cemalovic, Col. Gen. Enver, 245
    • Cemovic, Momcilo, 249
    • Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (see also U.S. covert publications program)
      • Czechoslovakia, 108
      • Dissident repression, 126
      • Eastern European political situations, 35
      • German Democratic Republic, 126
      • Memoranda
        • PA M 79-10210, “East Germany The Chilly Winds of Spring,” 126
        • PA M 80-10166, “Romania A Situation Report,” 225
        • PA M 80-10385C, “Likely Consequences in Eastern Europe of the Polish Events,” 40
        • RP-78-10293, “Dissidence in Eastern Europe,” 26
        • RP M 78-10144, “Ceausescu’s Romania a Situation Report,” 194
      • Polish crisis (1980), 40, 42
      • Romania, 194, 225
      • Soviet propaganda broadcasting, 65
      • U.S. covert dissident support programs, 3, 8, 19, 26, 37
      • Yugoslavia, 8, 269, 274
    • Charter 77 movement (Czechoslovakia)
      • Bureau of Intelligence and Research reports, 110
      • Byrne memoranda, 96, 105, 106
      • Christopher memoranda, 107
      • CIA papers, 8, 26
      • Intelligence Memoranda, 5
      • Prague Spring anniversary and, 105
      • State Department papers, 30
      • Trials (Oct. 1977), 100, 110
      • U.S.-Czech discussions, 99
      • Vance memoranda, 100
      • Vest memoranda, 101
    • Cherne, Leo, 76, 78, 80
    • Chernyayev, Rudilf, 37
    • China, People’s Republic of
    • Chnoupek, Bohuslav, 97, 99, 101
    • Chramostova, Vlasta, 105, 106
    • Christopher, Warren M.
      • Bulgaria, 82, 83, 88
      • Czechoslovakia, 99, 107, 112, 113
      • German Democratic Republic, 120, 125, 130
      • Hungary, 149
      • Polish crisis (1980), 41
      • Romania
        • Carter-Ceausescu correspondence, 177
        • Ceausescu visit (1978), 189, 196, 199
        • Dissident repression, 179
        • Export controls, 218
        • Human rights, 179, 196, 199
        • Most Favored Nation status, 215, 217
        • Norfolk port access, 218, 226
        • Pacepa defection case, 205, 207
        • Rauta case, 195
        • U.S. military sales proposals, 228, 230
        • World Bank/IMF loans, 234
      • U.S. differentiated policy structure, 10, 14
      • U.S. international broadcasting program, 53
      • Yugoslavia, 237, 243, 244, 251, 265, 288
    • Church, Frank, 237
    • Claytor, W. Graham, Jr., 70
    • Cleland, Maj. Gen. John R. D., 261
    • Clift, A. Denis, 93, 188, 226, 236, 290
    • Clough, Susan, 195
    • Cocirla, Trandafir, 213
    • Colotka, Peter, 108
    • Committee for the Defense of the Unjustly Prosecuted (VONS) (Czechoslovakia), 110
    • Committee of the Whole, 201, 252
    • Committee of Workers’ Defense (KOR) (Poland), 105, 106, 110
    • Conference on International Economic Cooperation (CIEC), 236
    • Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) (see also Helsinki Accords; Helsinki Accords implementation)
      • Belgrade conference (1977)
        • Dissident movements and, 8, 26, 37
        • Intelligence Memoranda, 5
        • Treverton memoranda, 10
        • U.S.-Hungarian discussions, 162
        • U.S.-Yugoslav discussions, 243, 244, 252, 256
      • Dissident movements and, 26
      • Madrid conference (1980)
        • Dissident movements and, 26, 110
        • Polish crisis (1980) and, 41
        • U.S.-German Democratic Republic discussions, 123
        • U.S.-Hungarian discussions, 167, 173, 176
        • U.S.-Romanian discussions, 198, 227, 233
      • Romanian role, 198, 199, 221, 226, 227, 229, 233
      • U.S. policy review, 1
      • Yugoslav role, 5, 236
    • Congress, U.S.
    • Cook, Paul K., 121
    • Cooper, Richard N., 36, 122, 295, 296
    • Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls (COCOM), 39
    • Corvalan, Luis, 8
    • Council of Jewish Federations and Welfare Fund, 215
    • Crane, Philip M., 136
    • Critchlow, James, 70
    • Cutter, W. Bowman, 6
    • Czechoslovakia
      • Dissident movements, 3, 5, 11, 105, 106
      • Dissident repression
        • Bureau of Intelligence and Research reports, 110
        • Byrne memoranda, 96, 106
        • Christopher memoranda, 107, 112
        • CIA papers, 8, 26
        • Intelligence Assessments, 108
        • Larrabee memoranda, 111
        • State Department papers, 30
        • Tarnoff memoranda, 109
        • Trials (Oct. 1977), 100, 101, 110
        • Trials (Oct. 1979), 111, 112
        • U.S.-Czech discussions, 99
      • Economic situation, 108, 116
      • Foreign policy, 30, 116
      • Most Favored Nation status, 11, 116
      • Political situation, 5, 105, 108, 116
      • Prague Spring (1968), 26, 105, 108, 182, 260
      • Soviet relations with, 108, 116
      • U.S. covert publications program, 28
      • U.S. international broadcasting program, 49, 116
      • U.S. relations with
        • Bilateral Air Transport Agreement, 96
        • Gold/claims issue
          • Byrne-Long discussions, 102
          • Byrne memoranda, 96
          • Christopher memoranda, 113
          • King memoranda, 103
          • Larrabee memoranda, 27, 115
          • Morton memoranda, 116
          • Nimetz-Johanes discussions, 104
          • Nimetz memoranda, 97
          • Polish crisis (1980) and, 44
          • Tarnoff memoranda, 109
          • U.S.-Czech discussions, 99
          • Vance memoranda, 98
          • Vest memoranda, 101, 114
        • Iran hostage crisis and, 36
        • Journalist treatment, 11, 99, 101, 105
        • Morton memoranda, 116
        • Nimetz-Johanes meetings, 104
        • Polish crisis (1980) and, 44
        • Scientific/cultural exchanges, 96, 101, 116
        • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 36
        • U.S. differentiated policy structure and, 16
    • Danescu, Alexandru, 58
    • Daniel, Yuli, 26
    • Davis, Dick, 66
    • Deal, Timothy, 169
    • Denend, Leslie G., 261
    • Derian, Patricia M.
    • Derwinski, Edward J., 136, 214
    • Dinu, Adm. Stefan, 230, 231
    • Disarmament. See Strategic Arms Limitation (SALT) talks; UN Special Session on Disarmament.
    • Dissident movements (see also Human rights; specific countries)
      • CIA papers, 8, 26
      • Helsinki Accords and, 5, 26, 30, 100
      • Intelligence Memoranda, 5
      • Soviet Union, 26
      • U.S. covert support programs, 3, 8, 19, 26, 37
    • Djilas, Milovan, 5, 283
    • Djuranovic, Veselin, 256, 295, 296
    • Documents not declassified, 24
    • Dodson, Christine, 75, 128, 287
    • Doherty, Ed, 155
    • Doicaru, Nicolae, 58
    • Dolanc, Stane, 273, 283, 294
    • Dole, Robert, 10, 136
    • Donovan, Hedley, 39
    • Doronski, Stevan, 236, 283, 288, 294, 296
    • Draper, Morris, 70, 190
    • Dubcek, Alexander, 108
    • Duffey, Joseph D., 82
    • Duncan, Charles W., Jr., 6, 241
    • Dunlop, Harry, 261
    • Dyulgerov, Petur, 81
    • Dzhemilev, Mustafa, 8
    • Eagleburger, Lawrence S.
      • Yugoslavia
        • Carter-Kardelj meetings, 244
        • Carter visit (1980), 294, 295, 296
        • Harriman-Tito meetings, 256
        • Intelligence cooperation, 259, 260
        • Markotic case, 299
        • Military cooperation, 261
        • Military transfers to Ethiopia, 237
        • Mondale-Kolisevski meetings, 290
        • Political situation, 301
        • Post-Tito contingency planning, 274, 277, 283, 288
        • Tito funeral delegation, 280, 281
        • Tito U.S. visit (1978), 249, 250, 251, 254
        • U.S. economic aid, 264, 265, 292, 294
        • U.S. economic cooperation with, 248
        • U.S. military sales, 272, 286, 300
          • Aaron-Vujatovic discussions, 270
          • Benson visit discussions, 271
          • Harold Brown-Ljubicic discussions, 245
          • Larrabee memoranda, 268, 285, 297
          • Scanlan memoranda, 267
      • U.S. trade with, 271
    • East Germany. See German Democratic Republic.
    • East-West Planning Group, 22
    • East-West relations. See U.S.-Soviet relations.
    • Eastern European economic situations (see also specific countries), 11, 30, 35, 40, 43
    • Eastern European foreign policies (see also specific countries), 30, 36
    • Eastern European political situations (see also specific countries), 5, 9, 35
    • Edminster, David K., 125, 129
    • Egypt, 78
    • Eilberg, Joshua, 195
    • Elm, Joachim, 127
    • Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance Fund, 31
    • Emigration (see also Emigration policy and Family reunification cases under specific countries; Jackson-Vanik Amendment), 5, 26, 31, 33
    • Enger, Valdik, 37
    • English, Glenn, 123
    • Environmental Modification Convention (ENMOD), 117
    • Ermarth, Fritz, 61, 75, 246
    • Esposito, John, 68
    • Esztergalyos, Ferenc, 147, 166, 171, 173
    • Ethiopia. See Horn of Africa.
    • Eurocommunism, 5, 26, 30, 243, 252
    • European Community (EC), 36
    • Export-Import Bank, 22, 249, 252, 254, 271, 292
    • Fair Trade Act, 196
    • Fascell, Dante, 47
    • Feaver, Douglas, 235
    • Fenwick, Millicent, 158
    • Ferencz, Benjamin, 127
    • Ferguson, Glenn, 57, 59, 62, 69
    • Feshbach, Murray, 68
    • Findley, Paul, 214
    • Fischer, Oskar, 117, 118, 119, 122, 123
    • Fish, Lt. Gen. Howard M., 245
    • Fojtik, Jan, 106
    • Ford, Gerald R., 18, 85, 197
    • Foreign Relations Authorization Act (1977), 45
    • France, 38, 132
    • Freedom House, 80
    • Frelinghuysen, Peter H. B., 48
    • Frenzel, William E., 136, 142, 158, 163, 195
    • Fried, Edward, 88
    • Fromowitz, 192
    • Frosch, Robert A., 13
    • Funk, Gerald, 61
    • Gabaj, Col. Vladimir, 261
    • Garthoff, Raymond L., 84, 87, 88, 91, 92, 94
    • Gates, Robert, 207, 266, 268
    • Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 36, 120
    • Georgescu, Emil, 58, 179
    • Georgescu, Vlad, 208
    • German Democratic Republic (GDR)
      • Dissident movements, 5, 8, 11, 26, 121, 126, 131, 133
      • Economic situation, 26, 126
      • Emigration issues, 5, 30, 125, 131
      • Family reunification cases, 122, 127
      • Foreign policy, 30
      • German Federal Republic relations with, 133, 135
      • Human rights, 30, 121, 123, 126, 127, 131, 133
      • Narcotics trafficking, 123
      • Polish crisis (1980) and, 44, 135
      • Political situation, 5, 9, 27, 121, 133, 135
      • U.S. relations with
        • Christopher-Bolen discussions, 125
        • Claims settlement, 11, 117, 118, 123
        • Consular convention
          • Bolen-Honecker discussions, 118
          • Brzezinski memoranda, 134
          • Christopher-Bolen discussions, 125
          • Christopher memoranda, 120, 130
          • Derian-Nier discussions, 123
          • Goodby-Nier discussions, 127, 129
          • Larrabee memoranda, 132
          • Polansky-Fischer discussions, 117
          • State Department papers, 11
          • Vance-Fischer discussions, 119, 122
        • Derian visit (1978), 123
        • GDR Interagency Group discussions, 124
        • Human rights and, 123, 127, 131
        • Humanitarian cases, 11, 117, 118
        • Iran hostage crisis and, 36
        • Jewish claims, 11, 118, 127
        • Journalist treatment, 117, 127, 131, 133
        • Larrabee reception attendance, 128
        • Polish crisis (1980) and, 44
        • Political consultations, 117
        • Scientific/cultural exchanges, 36, 118, 123, 129
        • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 36
        • State Department papers, 11
        • Treverton memoranda, 10
        • U.S. differentiated policy structure and, 4, 16
        • Vance-Fischer meetings, 118, 119, 122
      • U.S. trade with, 118, 122, 124, 125, 129
    • Germany, Federal Republic of (FRG)
      • German Democratic Republic consular convention and, 120
      • German Democratic Republic relations with, 133, 135
      • U.S. international broadcasting program, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 67
    • Getler, Michael, 96
    • Ghibernea, Marcel, 218
    • Giddens, Ken, 47, 61
    • Gierek, Edward, 5, 9, 26, 38, 106
    • Gilmore, Harry J., 41, 88, 92, 94, 100, 111
    • Ginzburg, Aleksandr, 8, 37
    • Ginzburg, Vitaly L., 256
    • Giscard-d’Estaing, Valéry, 38
    • Glenn, James H., 88, 100, 101, 102, 104, 107, 109
    • Gliga, Vasile, 88, 185, 196
    • Glitman, Maynard W., 6
    • Goldberg, Arthur J., 37, 199
    • Goma, Paul, 5, 26, 177, 179, 182, 188, 189
    • Gombos, Zoltan, 136
    • Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 26
    • Goodby, James E., 120, 124, 127, 129, 131
    • Goritza, Ion, 218
    • Gorman, John, 153
    • Gotsev, Lyuben, 85, 87, 88, 91, 93
    • Graham, Billy, 26, 146
    • Gravel, Mike, 98
    • Graves, Lt. Gen. Ernest, 258, 280, 285
    • Gray, Victor, 120, 122, 124, 129
    • Great Britain. See United Kingdom.
    • Greece, 258
    • Greenwald, Jonathan, 124, 127, 131
    • Griffin, Robert P., 158
    • Griffith, William, 37, 47, 75, 93
    • Grigorov, Konstantin, 88, 89, 92
    • Grkovic, Col., 245
    • Gronouski, John
      • U.S. international broadcasting program
        • BIB chair appointment, 47, 48
        • Board for International Broadcasting tensions, 62
        • Budget cuts, 57, 59, 60
        • Holtzman investigation, 69
        • Holzkirchen modernization proposals, 55
        • Muslim audiences, 71, 77, 78
        • Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty office relocation proposals, 67
        • Special Coordination Committee discussions, 70
    • Group of 77, 198, 204
    • Groza, Maria, 234
    • Habib, Philip C., 117, 118, 187, 188, 218
    • Haferkamp, Wilhelm, 36
    • Haig, Gen. Alexander M. Jr., 176
    • Hajek, Jiri, 110
    • Haman, Josef, 108
    • Hamilton, Lee H., 152, 155, 158, 214
    • Hanks, Nancy, 82, 83
    • Hansell, Herbert J., 141, 149, 204
    • Hanson, Rear Adm. Thor, 258
    • Harich, Wolfgang, 26
    • Harkin Amendment (1977), 196
    • Harmon, Sidney, 202
    • Harriman, Averell, 256
    • Hartman, Arthur A., 6, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141
    • Hasani, Sinan, 295
    • Hauser, Rita, 48
    • Havel, Vaclav, 100, 106, 110, 112
    • Havemann, Robert, 26, 121, 126, 127, 133
    • Havlicke, Karel, 106
    • Hehir, Brian, 155
    • Helsinki Accords (see also Helsinki Accords implementation)
      • Dissident movements and, 5, 26, 30, 100
      • Soviet VOA jamming and, 79
    • Helsinki Accords implementation (see also Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe)
      • Dissident movements and, 110, 121
      • Human rights and, 5, 8, 10, 26, 30, 101
      • Orlov Committee, 3, 8
      • State Department papers, 11
      • U.S.-Bulgarian discussions, 83, 85
      • U.S.-German Democratic Republic discussions, 127
      • U.S.-Hungarian discussions, 145, 173
      • U.S. international broadcasting program and, 4
    • Henze, Paul
      • Soviet propaganda broadcasting, 65, 77
      • U.S. covert publications program, 17, 20, 28, 29, 32, 34, 37
      • U.S. international broadcasting program
        • Administration transition period (1980–81), 80
        • Board for International Broadcasting tensions, 62
        • Budget cuts, 57, 59, 60
        • Gronouski BIB chair appointment, 47, 48
        • Holtzman investigation, 69
        • Holzkirchen modernization proposals, 53
        • Muslim audiences, 72, 75, 77, 78
        • Persian-language broadcasting, 61
        • Romania, 58
        • Special Coordination Committee discussions, 70
        • U.S. covert dissident support programs and, 37
        • Voice of America expansion proposals, 63, 64
    • Herz, Martin F., 85
    • Heym, Stefan, 126, 127, 131, 133
    • Himmirsky, Krassin, 84, 88, 93
    • Hirri, Imam Muhmammed, 68
    • Hodges, Luther, Jr., 271
    • Hoffmann, Karel, 108
    • Holbrooke, Richard, 254
    • Hollai, Imre, 147
    • Holloway, Adm. James L., III, 235, 240, 242
    • Holmes, H. Allen, 226, 232, 234
    • Holtzman, Elizabeth, 69
    • Honecker, Erich, 5, 9, 30, 118, 121, 131, 133
    • Horelick, Arnold, 22, 278
    • Hormats, Robert, 149
    • Horn, Gyula, 176
    • Horn of Africa
    • Hornblow, Michael, 4
    • Horodinca, Nicolae Ion, 222
    • Horton, Frank, 136, 142, 152, 158, 160
    • Hoskinson, Samuel M., 2, 3
    • Hovey, Graham, 75
    • Hua Guofeng (Hua Kuo-feng), 205, 206, 208
    • Huberman, Benjamin, 12, 13
    • Huebner, Nico, 133
    • Huffman, 200, 204
    • Human rights (see also Dissident repression under specific countries; U.S. human rights policy; specific countries)
      • Brzezinski memoranda, 9
      • Dissident movements and, 5, 8, 37
      • Helsinki Accords implementation and, 5, 8, 10, 26, 30
    • Human rights movements. See Dissident movements.
    • Humphrey, Hubert H., 47, 158
    • Hungary
      • Annual policy/resource assessments, 139
      • Dissident movements, 5, 26, 136, 139
      • Emigration policies, 163, 172
      • Foreign policy, 30
      • Human rights, 136, 173
      • Party Congress (1980), 167, 168, 172
      • Romanian relations with, 196, 213
      • Soviet relations with, 5, 169, 170, 172
      • State Department overview papers, 172
      • U.S. international broadcasting program, 49, 67
      • U.S. relations with
        • Aaron-Nagy meetings, 171
        • Administration transition period (1980–81), 175, 176
        • Bergold memoranda, 175
        • Brzezinski-Huszar meetings, 166
        • Carter oral message, 159
        • Crown of St. Stephen
          • Andrews memoranda, 136
          • Brzezinski memoranda, 143, 144, 154
          • Hartman memoranda, 141
          • Hartman-Nagy discussions, 138
          • Hunter memoranda, 137
          • Hyland/Hunter memoranda, 140
          • Joint communiqué, 160
          • Jordan memoranda, 153
          • Kaiser-Kadar discussions, 159
          • Kaiser-Losonczi discussions, 145
          • Kaiser-Puja discussions, 151
          • King memoranda, 148, 157
          • Mudd memoranda, 139
          • Nimetz memoranda, 155
          • NSC papers, 18
          • Oakar communications, 160, 161
          • Presidential Directive NSC21 on, 16
          • Property issues, 139
          • Reactions to return of, 152
          • State Department papers, 11
          • Tarnoff memoranda, 146
          • Vance memoranda, 142, 150, 156, 158
          • Vance-Puja discussions, 147
        • Iran hostage crisis and, 36, 171, 172
        • Polish crisis (1980) and, 44, 174, 175, 176
        • Ridgway-Esztergalyos meetings, 173
        • Scientific/cultural exchanges, 139, 162
        • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 36, 167, 169, 170, 171, 172, 175
        • State Department papers, 11
        • U.S. differentiated policy structure and, 4, 16, 44, 139, 163, 167, 172, 174, 175
        • U.S.-Soviet relations and, 139, 145
      • U.S. trade with
        • Bergold memoranda, 175
        • Grain diversion, 169, 170
        • Hartman-Nagy discussions, 138
        • Kaiser memoranda, 167
        • Most Favored Nation status, 164
          • Hartman-Nagy discussions, 138
          • Hunter memoranda, 137
          • Kaiser-Kadar discussions, 159
          • Kaiser-Losonczi discussions, 145
          • King memoranda, 148
          • Mudd memoranda, 139
          • Presidential Directive NSC-21 on, 16
          • State Department papers, 11
          • Vance memoranda, 149, 163
          • Vance-Puja discussions, 162
        • NSC papers, 18
        • State Department papers, 11
    • Hunter, Robert
    • Huntington, Samuel P., 21, 22, 39
    • Hurlbert, Gordon C., 271
    • Husak, Gustav, 5, 104, 108
    • Huszar, Istvan, 166, 167
    • Hyland, William G.
      • Hungary, 140, 143, 144
      • Romania, 180
      • U.S. international broadcasting program, 45, 52
      • U.S. policy toward Eastern Europe, 1, 6
    • Ieurnca, Virgiliu, 58
    • Ilic, Col. Bozidar, 261
    • Inderfurth, Rick, 9, 57, 61, 144
    • Indra, Alois, 108
    • Inouye, Daniel K., 31
    • Intelligence Assessments
      • “Hungary on the Eve of the 12th Party Congress,” 168
      • PA–79–10354, “The Czechoslovak Leadership,” 108
    • Intelligence Information Cables, DB–315/04475–78, “Appraisal of Situation Goals and Problems of Ceausescu’s Romania on the Eve of his Fourth Visit to the United States,” 193
    • Intelligence Information Special Reports, U.S. international broadcasting program, 58
    • Intelligence Memoranda, RP 77-10060, “Dissident Activity in East Europe An Overview,” 5
    • Inter-Balkan Conference (1976), 88
    • Interagency Group on Europe, 36
    • International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 247, 249, 251, 252
    • International Communications Agency (ICA), 61, 63, 68, 70
    • International Monetary Fund (IMF), 36, 234
    • International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation (INFCE), 247
    • Ionel, Vasile, 223
    • Ionescu, Nicolae, 217, 222, 226, 233
    • Ionita, Gen. Ion, 213
    • Iran hostage crisis
      • State Department papers, 36
      • U.S.-Bulgarian relations with and, 36
      • U.S.-Hungarian relations and, 36, 171, 172
      • U.S. international broadcasting program and, 37, 67, 68
      • U.S. presidential elections (1980) and, 279
      • U.S.-Romanian relations and, 36, 219, 221, 226, 229, 273
      • Yugoslav responses, 273, 288, 290, 294, 295
    • Iran-Iraq War, 299
    • Iranian Revolution, 61, 70, 71, 72
    • Israel (see also Arab-Israeli conflict), 73, 183
    • Italy, 258
    • Jablonsky, 107, 112, 113
    • Jackovich, Victor, 295, 296
    • Jackson, Henry M. (“Scoop”), 99, 163, 195, 226
    • Jackson-Vanik Amendment
      • Bulgarian Most Favored Nation status and, 11
      • Czechoslovakian Most Favored Nation status and, 11, 116
      • German Democratic Republic Most Favored Nation status and, 125
      • Hungarian Most Favored Nation status and, 11, 16, 137, 149
      • Romanian Most Favored Nation status and, 11, 177, 180, 197, 215
      • Waivers extension, 165
    • Jagielski, Mieczyslaw, 38
    • Jakes, Milos, 108
    • Jakubec, Jaroslav, 99, 101
    • Jaroszewicz, Piotr, 5
    • Jaukovic, Col. Djordje, 261
    • Javits, Jacob K., 163, 195
    • Jenkins, Kempton, 97, 109, 141
    • Jewish community. See American Jewish community.
    • Joetze, Gunter, 56
    • Johanes, Jaromir, 99, 100, 101, 104, 107, 112
    • John Paul II, 27, 35, 38
    • Johnson, Darryl N., 254
    • Johnson Act (1934), 136
    • Jojic, Branka, 244
    • Jordan, Hamilton, 48, 144, 153
    • Lake, W. Anthony, 30, 101, 195, 196, 234, 277
    • Lance, Bert, 1, 13, 16, 46
    • Landovsky, Pavel, 105
    • Lapidus, Gail, 68
    • Larrabee, Stephen
      • Bulgaria, 93
      • Czechoslovakia, 27, 111, 113, 115
      • Dissident movements, 37
      • German Democratic Republic, 124, 128, 132
      • Hungary, 166, 171
      • Romania
        • Blumenthal visit, 210, 211
        • Brzezinski-Andrei meetings, 206, 208
        • Horodinca defection case, 222
        • Mondale-Burtica meetings, 226
        • Most Favored Nation status, 214, 215, 216
        • U.S. military sales proposals, 223, 224, 228, 230, 231
      • U.S. differentiated policy structure, 27
      • U.S. international broadcasting program, 72, 73, 75, 79
      • Yugoslavia
    • Lazar, Gyorgy, 162
    • Lazarevic, Borislav, 244
    • Lederer, Jiri, 100
    • Lekai, Cardinal Laszlo, 156, 157, 158, 172
    • Lenart, Jozef, 108
    • Ler, Leopold, 108
    • Lipshutz, Robert, 199
    • Litynski, Jan, 106
    • Ljubicic, Gen. Nikola
    • Loncar, Budimir
      • Carter visit (1980), 295, 296
      • Human rights, 299
      • Mondale meetings, 293
      • Post-Tito transition, 280, 289
      • U.S. economic aid to Yugoslavia, 288, 292, 298
      • U.S.-Yugoslav intelligence cooperation, 260
    • Long, Clarence, 181
    • Long, Russell B., 96, 97, 98, 101, 102, 103, 109, 114
    • Losonczi, Pál, 145
    • Lovetinsky, Cestmir, 108
    • Lovinescu, Monica, 58, 188, 208
    • Lowenstein, James G., 137
    • Ludviger, Emil, 244
    • Luers, William H.
    • Lukanov, Andrei, 94
    • Lukazewicz, Jerzy, 38
    • Lyet, Paul, 113
    • MacGregor, Clark, 47
    • Macovescu, George, 179, 185, 187, 188, 189
    • Maksic, Malivoj, 251
    • Mamula, Adm. Branko, 273
    • Manescu, Manea, 210
    • Marchais, Georges, 243
    • Marcuse, Gisela, 127
    • Marev, Spas Iordanov, 83, 85
    • Mareva, Ivanka Atanasova, 83, 85
    • Marinescu, Teodor, 209, 218
    • Mark, David E., 70
    • Markoe, Frank, Jr., 48
    • Markotic, Mirko, 299
    • Markov, Georgi, 86, 87, 88
    • Markovic, Dragoslav, 256, 296, 301
    • Marshall, Ray, 13
    • Matescu, Radu, 229
    • Mathews, Jessica Tuchman, 257, 263
    • Matic, Vladimir, 244, 254
    • Maynes, Charles W., 218
    • McAuliffe, Eugene V., 136
    • McCormack, 277
    • McGiffert, David E., 245, 258, 267, 285, 286
    • McGovern, George, 47, 48, 158, 159
    • McIntyre, James T., 59, 60, 63, 71
    • McVadon, Cmdr. Eric A., 245, 258, 261
    • Mecca hostage incident (Nov. 1979), 70
    • Meehan, Francis J., 43, 53, 107, 112, 113, 114
    • Merry, Wayne, 135
    • Meyer-Landrut, Nikolaus, 55
    • Michnik, Adam, 106
    • Middle East. See Arab-Israeli conflict.
    • Mihajlov, Mihajlo, 5, 8
    • Mijatovic, Cvijetin, 288, 290, 294, 295, 296, 298, 301
    • Mikulic, Branko, 273, 283
    • Miller, G. William, 288, 292, 293, 298
    • Al-Min, Imam Khalil, 68
    • Mindszenty, József, 136, 159
    • Minic, Milos
      • Carter visit (1980), 296
      • Mondale visit (1977), 236
      • Post-Tito political situation and, 269, 273, 283, 294, 301
      • Post-Tito transition, 288
      • Tito U.S. visit (1978), 254
      • Yugoslav military transfers to Ethiopia, 237
    • Mitchell, George H., 209
    • Mitran, Mircea, 208, 209, 211
    • Mladenov, Petur, 84, 85, 87, 91, 92, 94
    • Mlynar, Zdenek, 26
    • Modzelewski, Karol, 26
    • Mondale, Joan, 82, 83, 93, 265
    • Mondale, Walter F.
      • Bulgaria, 82
      • Export controls, 13
      • Hungary, 152, 157
      • Romania, 186, 187, 188, 226, 227
      • U.S. differentiated policy structure, 16
      • U.S. international broadcasting program, 74
      • U.S. policy review, 1
      • Yugoslavia
        • Carter-Kardelj meetings, 244
        • Kolisevski meetings, 290
        • Loncar meetings, 293
        • Markovic meetings, 256
        • Tito funeral delegation, 288, 290
        • U.S. economic aid, 298
        • U.S. military sales, 236, 240, 242
        • Visit (1977), 235, 236
    • Moore, Frank, 152
    • Moore, John L., Jr., 252
    • Moore, Patrick, 213
    • Morse, David, 94
    • Moscow Olympics boycott, 67
    • Moses, Alfred, 215
    • Mudd, Clayton, 136, 138, 139, 149
    • Murphy, John T., 47
    • Muskie, Edmund S.
    • Mutual and Balanced Force Reduction (MBFR) talks, 1, 162, 166, 193, 216, 226, 252
    • Mutual Defense Assistance Control Act (Battle Act), 230
    • Nagy, Ferenc
      • Administration transition period (1980–81), 176
      • Brzezinski-Huszar meetings, 166
      • Crown of St. Stephen, 136, 138, 146, 151, 152
      • Kadar U.S. visit proposals, 175
      • Most Favored Nation status, 138, 162
      • Ridgway meetings, 173
    • Naimsky, Piotr, 106
    • National Foreign Intelligence Center Memoranda, R PM 79–10075, “Could Bulgaria Go the Way of Romania?,” 90
    • National Intelligence Estimates, NIE 15–79, “Prospects for Post-Tito Yugoslavia,” 269, 273
    • National Security Decision Memoranda (NSDM), NSDM 212, “Economic Policies for the Eastern European Countries,” 94
    • National Security Study Memoranda (NSSM), NSSM 245, “President’s Report to Congress Concerning International Broadcast Facilities,” 45
    • New International Economic Order (NIEO), 198, 226
    • Newhouse, John, 6
    • Newsom, David D.
    • Nicolae, Nicolae M.
      • Arab-Israeli conflict, 188
      • Begin visit (1977), 184
      • Carter-Macovescu meetings, 187
      • Carter-Pungan meetings, 177
      • Ceausescu U.S. visit (1978), 200, 204
      • Ceausescu visit proposals, 188
      • Dissident repression, 179
      • Rauta case, 195
    • Nier, Kurt, 123, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131
    • Niklas, Manfred, 122
    • Nimetz, Matthew
      • Bulgaria, 84, 88, 92, 94
      • Czechoslovakia, 97, 103, 104, 109
      • Hungary
      • Romania
        • Dissident repression, 179
        • Emigration issues, 217
        • Most Favored Nation status, 185, 214, 215
        • Norfolk port access, 218
        • Pacepa defection case, 207
        • Rauta case, 195
        • U.S. military sales proposals, 228, 231
        • Vance-Andrei meetings, 209
        • Vance visit plans (1979), 219
      • U.S. differentiated policy structure, 10, 14
      • Yugoslavia, 254, 285, 286, 299
    • Nixon, Richard M., 189, 197, 271
    • Non-aligned movement (NAM), 236, 243, 251, 252, 255, 256, 273, 288, 294, 296
    • Nordhaus, William D., 6
    • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 10
    • North-South relations, 39, 201, 252, 295
    • Nosenzo, Louis V., 254
    • Novotny, Antonin, 26
    • Nowak, Jan, 57, 78
    • Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), 247, 251
    • Nyerges, Janos, 149
    • Oakar, Mary Rose, 140, 142, 152, 155, 158, 160, 161
    • Oancea, Constantin, 222, 229
    • Obst, Harry, 122
    • Odom, Brig. Gen. William, 21, 22, 39, 61, 72, 75
    • O’Donahue, Daniel, 223, 230, 231
    • Office of Management and Budget, U.S., 57, 60, 72, 74, 75, 78
    • Ogaden War. See Horn of Africa.
    • Okun, Herbert S., 135
    • Olszowski, Stefan, 5
    • O’Neill, Thomas “Tip,” 156, 158, 167, 237
    • Oprea, Gheorghe, 200, 204
    • Orleans, Leo, 68
    • Orlov, Yuri F., 10
    • Orlov Committee, 7
    • Orlove, Yuriy, 3
    • Ornest, Ota, 100
    • Owen, Henry D., 6, 263
    • Owens, Carol, 82
    • Pacepa, Gen. Ion Mihai, 27, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210
    • Pacoste, Cornel, 195, 218, 219
    • Paczkowski, Andrzej, 42
    • Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). See Arab-Israeli conflict.
    • Palmer, Stephen, Jr., 277
    • Pastore, John, 47
    • Patocka, Jan, 5, 110
    • Pavlicek, Frantisek, 100
    • Pekic, Gen., 272
    • Pelikan, Jiri, 3, 100
    • Pell, Claiborne, 158, 264
    • Percy, Charles H., 47, 48
    • Pernick, Irwin, 261
    • Perry, Jack R., 44, 92, 95
    • Pesic, Branko, 264, 265
    • Petkovic, Radivoje, 244
    • Petnicki, Zvonimir, 254
    • Petran, Janos, 171
    • Petrovich, Michael, 254
    • Plyushch, Leonid, 3, 8
    • Poland (see also Polish crisis (1980))
      • Dissident movements, 3, 5, 8, 26, 105, 106, 110
      • Economic situation, 26, 30, 38
      • International Monetary Fund membership, 36
      • John Paul II visit (1979), 35
      • Political situation, 5, 9, 40
      • Soviet policy toward (see also under Polish crisis (1980), 5, 9
      • U.S. covert publications program, 3
      • U.S. economic aid, 43, 44
      • U.S. international broadcasting program, 49, 67
      • U.S. relations with
        • Carter visit (1977), 18
        • CCC credits, 18, 25, 27, 43, 44
        • State Department papers, 11
        • U.S. differentiated policy structure and, 4, 16
    • Polansky, Sol, 117
    • Policy Review Committee (PRC), 1, 4, 6
    • Polish crisis (1980), 38, 40
      • Christopher memoranda, 41
      • German Democratic Republic and, 44, 135
      • Soviet policy toward Eastern Europe and, 41, 42, 43, 44, 135, 233, 300
      • Soviet VOA jamming and, 79
      • U.S.-Hungarian relations and, 44, 174, 175, 176
      • U.S. international broadcasting program and, 67
      • U.S.-Romanian discussions, 232, 233
      • U.S.-Yugoslav discussions, 299, 300
    • Popa, Dumitru, 213
    • Popov, Zdravko, 83
    • Popovic, Maj. Gen. Sveta, 258, 261
    • Porter, Elsa A., 124
    • Potocar, Gen., 245
    • Powell, Jody, 37
    • Prague Spring (1968), 26, 105, 108, 182, 260
    • Presidential Directives
      • NSC21, “Policy toward Eastern Europe” (see also U.S. differentiated policy structure), 16, 18, 25
      • PD–13, “Conventional Arms Transfer Policy,” 240
      • PD–30, “Human Rights,” 196
      • PD–41, “U.S. Civil Defense Policy,” 39
      • PD–50, “Arms Control Decision Process,” 39
      • PD–53, “National Security Communication Strategy,” 39
      • PD–57, “Mobilization Planning,” 39
      • PD–58, “Continuity of Government,” 39
      • PD–59, “Nuclear Weapons Employment Policy,” 39
    • Presidential Review Committee, 4, 14
    • Presidential Review Memoranda
      • NSC9, Comprehensive Review of European Issues, 1, 4, 6, 11, 18, 25
      • NSC31, “Export Control of U.S. Technology,” 13
      • PRM/NSC10, “Comprehensive Net Assessment and Military Force Posture Review,” 39
    • Press, Frank, 13
    • Puerto Rico, 85, 252
    • Puja, Frigyes, 147, 149, 151, 157, 158, 162, 173
    • Pullai, Arpad, 139
    • Pungan, Vasile
      • Arab-Israeli conflict, 18, 187, 190, 191
      • Carter meetings, 177
      • Ceausescu U.S. visit (1978), 200, 204
      • Human rights, 192
      • Rauta case, 195
    • Pustay, Lt. Gen. John, 70, 278
    • Putnam, Robert, 259
    • Quandt, William B., 25, 61, 187
    • Quinn, Thomas H., 47
    • Raceanu, Mircea, 229
    • Rackmales, Robert, 121, 182
    • Radakovic, Gen., 245
    • Radio Free Europe. See U.S. international broadcasting program.
    • Radio Liberty. See U.S. international broadcasting program.
    • Radulescu, Ilie, 213
    • Al-Rahman, Fazl, 68
    • Raicevic, Col., 261
    • Rakosi, Matyas, 26
    • Rakowska-Harmstone, Teresa, 68
    • Ranghet, Boris, 219, 226, 233
    • Rauta, Constantin, 192, 195, 196, 202
    • Read, Ben, 281
    • Reagan, Ronald (see also Administration transition period (1980–81)), 78
    • Reese, Bill, 75
    • Reinhardt, John E.
      • Bulgaria, 82
      • Soviet propaganda broadcasting, 66
      • U.S. international broadcasting program, 61, 63, 68, 70, 71, 79
    • Rentschler, James M. T., 93, 263, 265, 294
    • Resor, Stanley R., 258, 259
    • Reston, James (“Scotty”), 251
    • Revel, Jean-Francois, 193
    • Revesz, Miklos, 176
    • Ribicoff, Abraham A., 163, 173, 195
    • Ridgway, Rozanne L., 41, 173, 229, 232, 233, 234
    • Ringleb, Paul, 122
    • Roberts, Walter, 47, 53, 55, 62, 78
    • Roche, Col. William, 258, 261
    • Roche, John P., 47
    • Rockefeller, David, 288, 293, 294, 295, 296
    • Rohr, David, 215
    • Romania (see also Romania and Arab-Israeli conflict)
      • Annual policy/resource assessment, 178
      • China, People’s Republic of, relations with, 198, 203, 205, 206, 208
      • Dissident movements, 5, 26, 177, 179, 188, 193, 194
      • Earthquake (1977), 179, 182
      • Emigration policy
        • Aaron-Bogdan discussions, 216
        • American Jewish community discussions, 214, 215, 216, 217
        • Annual policy/resource assessment, 178
        • Brzezinski-Andrei discussions, 208
        • Brzezinski memoranda, 197
        • Carter-Pungan discussions, 177
        • Ceausescu visit (1978) discussions, 197, 202, 203
        • Derian-Pungan discussions, 192
        • Goldberg memoranda, 199
        • Rauta case, 192, 195, 196, 202
        • Ridgway-Bogdan discussions, 233
        • Vance-Andrei discussions, 209
      • Family reunification cases, 192, 195
      • Foreign policy, 30, 178, 193, 210, 211, 225
      • Horodinca defection case, 222
      • Human rights (see also Emigration policy above)
        • Andrews memoranda, 195
        • Annual policy/resource assessment, 178
        • Ceausescu visit (1978) discussions, 189, 192, 195, 196, 198, 199
        • Christopher memoranda, 179
        • CIA papers, 26, 194
        • Intelligence Memoranda, 5
        • Vance-Macovescu discussions, 188
        • World Bank/IMF loans and, 234
      • Hungarian relations with, 196, 213
      • Journalist treatment, 179
      • Magyar minority, 193, 194, 196, 213, 225
      • Pacepa defection case, 27, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210
      • Polish crisis (1980) and, 44, 232, 233
      • Political situation, 178, 182, 193, 194, 213, 225, 232
      • Soviet relations with, 178, 193, 205, 206, 210, 211, 212, 225
      • U.S. international broadcasting program, 49, 58, 67, 188, 193, 208
      • U.S. military sales proposals, 223, 224, 228, 230, 231
      • U.S. relations with
        • Annual policy/resource assessment, 178
        • Blumenthal visit, 210, 211
        • Brzezinski-Andrei meetings, 206, 208
        • Carter-Ceausescu correspondence, 177, 186, 221, 226, 229
        • Carter-Macovescu meetings, 187
        • Carter-Pungan meetings, 177
        • Ceausescu visit (1978)
          • Brzezinski memoranda, 181, 197
          • Carter-Ceausescu meetings, 200, 203, 204
          • Goldberg memoranda, 199
          • Inter-Agency Working Group discussions, 189
          • Rauta case and, 195, 196
          • Vance-Andrei meetings, 201, 202
          • Vance/Brzezinski-Ceausescu meetings, 201
          • Vance-Macovescu discussions, 188
          • Vance memoranda, 198
          • Vest/Derian/Lake memoranda, 196
          • Vest memoranda, 192
        • Iran hostage crisis and, 36, 219, 221, 226, 229, 273
        • Mondale-Burtica meetings, 226
        • Mondale-Patan meetings, 186
        • Newsom visit, 220, 221
        • NSC papers, 18
        • Ridgway-Andrei meetings, 229
        • Ridgway-Bogdan meetings, 232, 233
        • Scientific/cultural exchanges, 189
        • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 36, 219, 220, 221, 226, 227, 229
        • Special emissary (1978), 205
        • State Department papers, 11
        • U.S. differentiated policy structure and, 4, 16, 178, 226
        • U.S.-Soviet relations and, 178, 189, 200, 216
        • Vance-Andrei meetings, 209, 218
        • Vance visit plans (1979), 218, 219, 220
      • U.S. relief aid, 179, 181
      • U.S. trade with
        • Credits, 192, 197, 198, 202
        • Export controls
          • Brzezinski-Andrei discussions, 208
          • Carter-Pungan discussions, 177
          • Ceausescu visit (1978) discussions, 189, 192, 198, 202, 204
          • Vance-Andrei discussions, 209, 218
        • Most Favored Nation status
          • Aaron-Bogdan discussions, 216
          • American Jewish community discussions, 217
          • Barnes memoranda, 185
          • Blumenthal visit discussions, 211
          • Brzezinski memoranda, 180, 197
          • Carter-Pungan discussions, 177
          • Ceausescu visit (1978) discussions, 189, 197, 203
          • Kreps-Pungan discussions, 177
          • Larrabee memoranda, 214, 215
          • Mondale-Burtica discussions, 226
          • Ridgway-Bogdan discussions, 233
          • State Department papers, 11
        • Norfolk port access, 36, 218, 226
      • World Bank/IMF loans, 189, 196, 234
    • Romania and Arab-Israeli conflict
      • Begin Romania visit (1977), 183, 184
      • Brzezinski-Andrei discussions, 208
      • Carter-Ceausescu correspondence, 226
      • Carter-Macovescu discussions, 187
      • Ceausescu visit (1978) discussions, 200, 203
      • Newsom-Ceausescu discussions, 221
      • Ridgway-Andrei discussions, 229
      • Ridgway-Bogdan discussions, 233
      • Vance-Andrei discussions, 209
      • Vance-Macovescu discussions, 188
      • Vance-Pungan discussions, 190
      • Warsaw Pact PCC meeting and, 210
    • Ronai, Rudolf, 136
    • Rose, Harald, 122
    • Rousselot, John H., 136
    • Ruhfus, Jürgen, 51, 54, 55
    • Rywkin, Michael, 68
    • Sakharov, Andrey, 5, 8, 37
    • Sandenberg, Ronaldo, 30
    • Sanders, Edward, 75
    • Sarbanes, Paul S., 195
    • Saudi Arabia, 70, 73
    • Saunders, Harold H., 17, 190, 221
    • Scanlan, John D., 267, 273
    • Schaufele, William, 38
    • Schecter, Jerrold, 137, 200, 204
    • Schlesinger, James R., 13
    • Schmidt, Carl W.
    • Schmidt, Helmut, 38, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 67
    • Schneider, Mark, 234
    • Schneider, Rolf, 131
    • Schueler, Manfred, 52, 53
    • Schultze, Charles L., 1, 13, 16
    • Schulze, Richard, 217
    • Scott, David, 97, 98
    • Seabury, Paul, 78, 80
    • Seitz, Raymond, 292
    • Shahi, Agha, 229
    • Shcharanskiy, Anatoly B., 10, 37, 256
    • Sheehy, Ann, 68
    • Shenefield, John, 70
    • Shorish, Mobin, 68
    • Shub, Tony, 62
    • Shulman, Marshall D., 22, 280, 281
    • Sick, Capt. Gary, 61, 72, 75, 78
    • Siddiqui, Muzammil, 68
    • Sieber, Rolf, 117, 118, 122
    • Siena, James, 231, 258, 261, 270, 278, 285, 287
    • Silins, Ints M., 179, 184, 192, 196
    • Sindjelic, Vladimir, 254, 270, 293, 294
    • Sinyavskiy, Andrei, 26
    • Slocombe, Walter, 14
    • Sloss, Leon, 6
    • Smith, Lt. Gen. William Y., 6
    • Solomon, Anthony M., 109
    • Solzhentisyn, Aleksandr, 3, 8
    • Somalia. See Horn of Africa.
    • Sonnenfeldt, Helmut, 18, 21
    • Southern Africa, 235, 236, 252
    • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
      • Henze memoranda, 37
      • Post-Tito contingency planning and, 274, 277, 288
      • Tito funeral delegation and, 279, 280, 281
      • U.S.-German Democratic Republic relations and, 134
      • U.S.-Hungarian relations and, 36, 167, 169, 170, 171, 172, 175
      • U.S. international broadcasting program and, 67, 74, 78
      • U.S. military sales to Yugoslavia and, 286
      • U.S. presidential elections (1980) and, 279
      • U.S.-Romanian relations and, 36, 219, 220, 221, 226, 227, 229
      • U.S.-Soviet relations and, 36, 39, 219, 288
      • Yugoslav responses, 288, 290, 294, 295, 298, 299
    • Soviet policy toward Eastern Europe
      • German Democratic Republic and, 124
      • Intelligence community papers, 9
      • Intelligence Memoranda, 5
      • “Perspectives” guidance, 8
      • Polish crisis (1980) and, 41, 42, 43, 44, 135, 233, 300
      • Prague Spring (1968), 26, 105, 108, 182, 260
      • State Department papers, 30, 36
    • Soviet Union
      • Bulgarian relations with, 88, 90, 94, 95
      • Czech relations with, 108, 116
      • Dissident movements, 3, 5, 8, 26, 256
      • German Democratic Republic relations with, 133
      • Hungarian relations with, 5, 169, 170, 172
      • Political situation, 26, 27, 35
      • Propaganda broadcasting, 65, 66, 77
      • Romanian relations with, 178, 193, 205, 206, 210, 211, 212, 225
      • U.S. covert publications program, 3, 28
      • U.S. international broadcasting program, 49, 70
      • Yugoslav relations with (see also Post-Tito contingency planning under Yugoslavia), 139, 238, 243, 244, 252, 273, 296, 301
    • Special Activities Working Group (SAWG), 2, 17
    • Special Coordination Committee (SCC), 2, 23, 70, 169, 276, 277, 278
    • Specter, George, 215
    • Spiers, Ronald I., 42
    • Stambolic, Petar, 273
    • Stanishev, Dimitur, 81
    • Stanton, Frank, 47, 48
    • Starcevic, Svetozar, 244, 254
    • Starr, Joyce, 199
    • Stefanescu, Serban, 58
    • Stetkevych, Jaroslav, 68
    • Stevenson, Adlai E., III, 22, 189
    • Stivers, Ronald H., 70
    • Stoddart, Jonathan D., 110
    • Stoessel, Walter J., Jr., 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56
    • Stojicic, Lt. Col. Gen., 245
    • Strategic Arms Limitation (SALT) talks
      • Odom memoranda, 39
      • State Department papers, 10
      • U.S.-German Democratic Republic discussions, 118
      • U.S.-Hungarian discussions, 162, 166, 176
      • U.S.-Yugoslav discussions, 244, 245, 246, 252, 295
    • Strauss, Peter, 69
    • Strougal, Lubomir, 108, 109
    • Suddarth, Roscoe S., 221
    • Suslov, Mikhail, 42
    • Taft, Robert, 47
    • Talisman, Mark, 215
    • Tarnoff, Peter R.
    • Thatcher, Margaret, 38
    • Thomas, Helen, 195
    • Thompson, Frank, 136
    • Thornton, Thomas, 61, 75
    • Tigrid, Pavel, 100
    • Timofei, Ion, 226
    • Tito, Josip Broz
    • Toon, Malcolm, 211
    • Trade Act (1974) (see also Jackson-Vanik Amendment), 96, 98, 101, 102, 109
    • Trattner, John H., 125
    • Treverton, Gregory F.
      • Belgrade CSCE meeting (1977), 10
      • Hungary, 144
      • Romania, 181
      • U.S. international broadcasting program, 53, 54
      • U.S. policy toward Eastern Europe, 4, 6, 7, 10, 14, 15
      • Yugoslavia, 238, 239, 242, 244
    • Trifa, Valerian, 69
    • Tsvetkov, Boris, 84, 85, 88, 89, 94
    • Tuch, Hans, 70
    • Tumminia, Frank, 226, 229, 231
    • Turner, Adm. Stansfield
      • Export controls, 13
      • U.S. covert dissident support programs, 19
      • U.S. covert publications program, 20, 28, 29, 32, 34
      • U.S. international broadcasting program, 71
      • U.S. policy toward Eastern Europe, 6, 14, 16
      • Yugoslavia, 260
    • Turturea, Nicolae, 229
    • Tverdokhlebov, Andrey, 3, 8
    • Ukraine, 3
    • Ulbricht, Walter, 121, 133
    • UN Special Session on Disarmament (SSOD), 189, 198, 204, 252
    • United Kingdom, 109, 113, 281
    • U.S. covert dissident support programs, 3, 8, 19, 26, 37
    • U.S. covert publications program
      • CIA papers, 3
      • Henze memoranda, 17, 20, 29, 32, 34, 37
      • Special Activities Working Group discussions, 2, 17
      • Special Coordination Committee discussions, 2, 23
      • Turner memoranda, 28
    • U.S. differentiated policy structure
      • Administration transition period (1980–81), 176
      • Bulgaria and, 16, 83, 91, 94
      • Hungary and, 4, 16, 44, 139, 163, 167, 172, 174, 175
      • Larrabee memoranda, 27
      • NSC9 on, 1, 4
      • NSC papers, 18
      • Policy Review Committee discussions, 6, 7, 15
      • Polish crisis (1980) and, 41, 43, 44, 174, 175
      • Presidential Directive NSC21 on, 16, 18, 25
      • Presidential Review Committee discussions, 14
      • Romania and, 4, 16, 178, 226
      • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 36
      • State Department papers, 10, 11, 36
      • Treverton memoranda, 10
    • U.S. foreign trade
      • Export controls (see also under Romania), 12, 13, 36, 39
      • Jackson-Vanik Amendment waivers extension, 165
      • State Department papers, 11
    • U.S. human rights policy
      • Carter nomination acceptance speech (1980), 173
      • Detente and, 139
      • Dissident movements and, 5, 26, 96, 100, 101
      • Emigration issues and, 178
      • Policy Review Committee papers, 4
      • State Department papers, 11
      • U.S.-German Democratic Republic discussions, 123, 127
      • U.S.-Yugoslav discussions, 256
      • World Bank/IMF loans to Romania and, 234
    • U.S. international broadcasting program
      • Administration transition period (1980–81), 80
      • Board for International Broadcasting tensions, 62
      • Brzezinski memoranda, 45, 46, 48, 52, 59, 60
      • Budget cuts, 57, 59, 60
      • Cherne memoranda, 76
      • Christopher memoranda, 53
      • CIA papers, 3
      • Gronouski BIB chair appointment, 47, 48
      • Henze memoranda, 37, 47, 57, 61, 62, 63, 69
      • Holzkirchen modernization proposals, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56
      • Intelligence Information Special Reports, 58
      • Morton memoranda, 116
      • Muslim audiences, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78
      • Persian-language broadcasting, 61, 64, 70
      • Policy Review Committee discussions, 6
      • Policy Review Committee papers, 4
      • Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty office relocation proposals, 49, 50, 67
      • Romania, 49, 58, 67, 188, 193, 208
      • Soviet jamming, 79
      • Soviet propaganda broadcasting and, 65, 66, 77
      • Special Coordination Committee discussions, 70
      • U.S. covert dissident support programs and, 37
      • U.S.-Federal Republic of Germany discussions, 51, 52, 54
      • Voice of America expansion proposals, 63, 64
    • U.S. policy toward Eastern Europe (see also U.S. differentiated policy structure)
      • Annual policy/resource assessments, 139, 178
      • U.S.-Soviet relations and, 11, 21, 22, 36, 39
      • Vance Budapest statement (1978), 94
    • U.S. presidential elections (1980), 78, 279
    • U.S.-Soviet relations
      • Carter speech (July 1977), 118, 238
      • Detente
        • Dissident movements and, Intelligence Memoranda, 5
        • State Department papers, 11
        • U.S.-Hungarian discussions, 166
        • U.S.-Hungarian relations and, 139, 145
        • U.S.-Yugoslav discussions, 251, 255, 273, 294
      • Helsinki Accords implementation and, 10
      • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 36, 39, 219, 288
      • Tito funeral delegation and, 279, 280, 281
      • U.S.-Bulgarian discussions, 83
      • U.S.-German Democratic Republic discussions, 118
      • U.S.-Hungarian relations and, 139, 145
      • U.S. policy toward Eastern Europe and, 11, 21, 22, 36, 39
      • U.S.-Romanian relations and, 178, 189, 200, 216
      • U.S.-Yugoslav communications, 238, 239, 252, 255, 256, 290, 295, 299
    • Van Well, Günther, 56
    • Vance, Cyrus
      • Bulgaria, 84, 87, 89, 92
      • Czechoslovakia, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 104
      • Export controls, 13
      • German Democratic Republic, 118, 119, 122, 124, 129
      • Helsinki Accords implementation, 10
      • Hungary
      • Iran hostage crisis, 219
      • Resignation, 228, 288
      • Romania
        • Andrei meetings, 201, 202, 209, 218
        • Arab-Israeli conflict and, 184, 187, 188, 190, 191
        • Ceausescu visit (1978), 198
          • Andrei meetings, 201, 202
          • Brzezinski memoranda, 181
          • Carter-Ceausescu meetings, 200, 203
          • Ceausescu meetings, 201
          • Goldberg memoranda, 199
          • Macovescu discussions, 188
          • Rauta case and, 196
          • Vest memoranda, 192
        • Dissident repression, 188
        • Export controls, 218
        • Horodinca defection case, 222
        • Human rights, 196, 198
        • Most Favored Nation status, 185, 198
        • Norfolk port access, 218
        • U.S. relief aid, 181
        • Visit plans (1979), 218, 219, 220
      • U.S. covert publications program, 2
      • U.S. international broadcasting program, 48, 52, 61, 63, 71
      • U.S. policy toward Eastern Europe
        • Budapest statement (1978), 94
        • Policy review, 1
        • U.S. differentiated policy structure, 6, 7, 16
      • U.S. refugee assistance, 31
      • Yugoslavia
        • Brzezinski-Belovski meetings, 238
        • Djuranovic/Vrhovec meetings, 256
        • Intelligence cooperation, 259
        • Military transfers to Ethiopia, 237
        • Post-Tito contingency planning, 276, 277, 278, 281, 285
        • Tito funeral delegation, 280, 281
        • Tito U.S. visit (1978), 251, 252, 254
        • U.S. economic aid, 263
        • U.S. economic cooperation with, 248
        • U.S. military sales, 262, 285
        • U.S. trade with, 271
        • Visit plans (1979), 273
    • Vanik, Charles
    • Velchev, Boris, 81
    • Verdet, 213
    • Vest, George S.
      • Bulgaria, 82, 88, 89, 92, 93, 94
      • Czechoslovakia, 97, 101, 104, 107, 109, 114
      • German Democratic Republic, 120, 122, 130, 131
      • Hungary, 147, 150, 158, 167
      • Romania
        • Bogdan meetings, 233
        • Carter visit (1980), 229
        • Ceausescu visit (1978), 192, 200, 204
        • Human rights, 196
        • Most Favored Nation status, 215
        • Norfolk port access, 218
        • Pacepa defection case, 205
        • Rauta case, 195, 196
        • U.S. military sales proposals, 223, 228
        • U.S. trade with, 226
        • World Bank/IMF loans, 234
      • U.S. differentiated policy structure, 10, 94
      • U.S. international broadcasting program, 53, 55, 67
      • Yugoslavia
        • Djuranovic/Vrhovec meetings, 256
        • Mondale visit (1977), 236
        • Overflight issues, 251
        • Post-Tito contingency planning, 276, 277, 278
        • Tito funeral delegation, 280
        • Tito U.S. visit (1978), 254
        • U.S. economic aid, 263
        • U.S. military sales, 268
        • U.S. trade with, 271
    • Vine, Richard, 14, 53, 89, 129, 130, 261
    • Vinocur, John, 75
    • Violette, Richard, 261
    • Voh, Col. Vid, 261
    • Voice of America (VOA) (see also U.S. international broadcasting program), 63, 64, 70, 79
    • Von Braunmuehl, 120
    • Von Dohnanyi, Klaus, 55
    • Von Staden, Berndt, 120
    • Vosicky, Pavel, 104
    • Vrhovec, Josip, 256, 290, 295, 296, 299, 301
    • Vujatovic, Col. Gen. Laze, 270, 271, 285
    • Vujatvic, Col. Gen. Dusan, 258, 261
    • Walesa, Lech, 38
    • Walter, Ralph, 57, 59
    • Warnke, Paul C., 1, 13, 16
    • Warsaw Pact, 210, 211
    • Watergate scandal, 47
    • Weil, Frank, 6
    • Weiser, Benjamin, 42
    • Western Europe, 10, 11
    • Whalen, Charles W., Jr., 158
    • White, John, 70, 72, 75
    • Wilson, Charlie, 158
    • Wischnewski, Hans Jurgen, 121
    • Wise, Philip J., Jr., 289
    • Woessner, William M., 53, 120, 122, 123, 124
    • Wolf, Ira, 88, 104, 196
    • Wolf, Konrad, 133
    • Wolff, Lester L., 114, 115
    • Workers Defense League (Poland), 5
    • World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development), 189, 196, 234
    • Young, Andrew J., 1, 16
    • Yugoslavia
      • Arab-Israeli conflict, 236, 244, 253, 254, 295
      • Bulgarian relations with, 88, 246
      • Chinese People’s Republic relations with, 244, 251, 252, 256, 273
      • Dissident movements, 5, 8
      • Earthquake (1979), 263, 264, 265
      • Emigre terrorism, 143, 235, 249, 251, 252, 254, 288, 290, 293, 294
      • Foreign policy, 30
      • Greek relations with, 258
      • Human rights, 5, 299
      • Italian relations with, 258
      • Krsko nuclear reactor, 249, 251, 252, 254, 271, 273
      • Markotic case, 299
      • Military transfers to Ethiopia, 237, 238, 242, 245
      • Non-aligned movement role, 236, 243, 251, 252, 255, 256, 273, 288, 294, 296
      • Polish crisis (1980) and, 44, 299, 300
      • Political situation, 5, 226, 227, 250, 269, 273, 301
      • Post-Tito contingency planning, 274
        • Bremer memoranda, 281
        • Brzezinski memoranda, 251, 275
        • Eagleburger memoranda, 281
        • Larrabee memoranda, 276, 280
        • National Intelligence Estimates, 269, 273
        • State Department papers, 284
        • Vance memoranda, 285
        • Vest/Lake/Bartholomew memoranda, 277
      • Soviet relations with (see also Post-Tito contingency planning above), 139, 238, 243, 244, 252, 273, 296, 301
      • Tito condolences, 288, 289
      • Tito funeral delegation, 279, 280, 281, 282, 288, 290
      • U.S. economic aid
        • Carter-Mijatovic correspondence, 298
        • Carter visit discussions, 294, 295, 296
        • Eagleburger memoranda, 264, 265
        • Hunter/Rentschler memoranda, 263
        • Muskie memoranda, 293
        • Muskie-Vrhovec discussions, 299
        • State Department papers, 36
        • Tarnoff memoranda, 292
        • U.S.-Yugoslav discussions, 288
      • U.S. military sales
        • Aaron-Vujatovic discussions, 270
        • Benson visit discussions, 271
        • Harold Brown-Ljubicic discussions, 245, 246, 258
        • Brzezinski memoranda, 242, 243
        • Carter-Kardelj discussions, 244
        • Christopher memoranda, 288
        • Duncan memoranda, 241
        • Eagleburger memoranda, 272, 286, 300
        • Hunter memoranda, 257
        • Kimmitt/Brement/Larrabee memoranda, 266
        • Larrabee memoranda, 268, 276, 280, 287, 297
        • Mondale-Tito discussions, 236
        • Scanlan memoranda, 267
        • State Department papers, 36
        • Tarnoff memoranda, 240, 292
        • Tito U.S. visit discussions, 249, 250, 252
        • U.S. military sales to Romania and, 224
        • Vance memoranda, 262, 285
      • U.S. relations with
        • Benson visit (1979), 271
        • Brzezinski-Belovski meetings, 238
        • Carter-Kardelj meetings, 243, 244
        • Carter-Mijatovic correspondence, 298
        • Carter-Tito correspondence, 236, 239, 243, 251, 290
        • Carter visit (1980), 229, 291, 294, 295, 296
        • Consular access issue, Tito U.S. visit discussions, 249
        • Cultural convention, 273
        • Economic cooperation, 248, 249, 251, 254
        • Harriman-Tito meetings, 256
        • Intelligence cooperation, 259, 260
        • Military cooperation, 249, 258, 261, 270, 291
        • Mondale-Kolisevski meetings, 290
        • Mondale-Loncar meetings, 293
        • Mondale-Markovic meetings, 256
        • Mondale visit (1977), 235, 236
        • Muskie-Vrhovec meetings, 299
        • Overflight issues, 251
        • Polish crisis (1980) and, 44
        • Post-Tito, 252
        • Science/technology cooperation, 249, 251, 254
        • Scientific/cultural exchanges, 249
        • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 36
        • Tito U.S. visit (1978), 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255
        • U.S. differentiated policy structure and, 4
        • Vance visit plans (1979), 273
      • U.S. trade with