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  2. Historical Documents
  3. Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1918, Russia, Volume II
  4. Chapter III. Southeastern Russia and the Caucasus

Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1918, Russia, Volume II

Chapter III. Southeastern Russia and the Caucasus


Contents

    • Nationalist and anti-Bolshevik movements: the Don Cossacks under Kaledin, the Southeastern federation, the Trans-Caucasus, the Volunteer Army under Alexeev and Kornilov—Attitude of the American and Allied Governments toward de facto political and military authorities (Documents 696–733)
      • Bolshevik, Turkish, and German advances—Formation of the independent states of North Caucasus, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan—The Cossack organization under Krasnov—Revival of the Volunteer Army: succession of Denikin as its commander—Formation of a governmental commission attached to the army—Recognition by it of the supreme authority of Kolchak (Documents 734–765)

      Contents

      • List of Principal Persons
      • List of Papers
      • Russia
        Disintegration and Foreign Intervention
        • Chapter I. Siberia and Manchuria
          • Discussion of the contemplated dispatch of Japanese troops to Siberia: Russian attitude—Bolshevik activities in Siberia and Manchuria—The formation of local governments—Proposed use of Chinese troops in the zone of the Chinese Eastern Railway—The dispatch of warships to Vladivostok—French suggestion of Allied and American intervention: attitude of the United States (Documents 1–52)
          • Proposed Japanese occupation of the Trans-Siberian Railway—The reported activities of German and Austro-Hungarian prisoners—British and Japanese support of Semenov (Documents 53–98)
          • Declaration of the American Government against intervention, March 5, 1918: further discussion—Further reports concerning enemy prisoners—Japanese offer of support to Horvat (Documents 99–137)
          • Landing of Japanese forces at Vladivostok, April 5, 1918; British landing: attitude of the United States Formation of the autonomous Siberian government, the Far Eastern Committee, and the Chinese Eastern Railway Governing Board—The Webster-Hicks reports on armed prisoners—Appearance of the Czecho-Slovaks (Documents 138–181)
          • Attitude of the United States toward Siberian political organizations: relations of diplomatic and consular officers with them—Advance and repulse of Semenov—Appeals, recommendations, and plans for intervention (Documents 182–228)
          • Clashes between the Czecho-Slovaks and Soviet forces: good offices of American and French Consuls (Documents 229–243)
          • Consideration of intervention by the American Government—Development of the Czecho-Slovaks’ conflict with Soviet forces—Protest of the Allied and American representatives against the disarmament of the Czecho-Slovaks—Good offices of American officials—Formation of the temporary Siberian government at Omsk (Documents 244–292)
          • Request of the Czecho-Slovak leaders for aid in establishing a new eastern front—Overthrow of the Vladivostok Soviet by the Czechoslovaks—Landing of American marines—Proclamation of the protection of Vladivostok by commanders of Allied and Associated forces—Proclamation of a government by Horvat: controversy with other political organizations (Documents 293–344)
          • American proposals for military action, July 17, 1918: discussion with the Japanese and British Governments—Chinese request for participation—Rivalry of local organizations (Documents 345–384)
          • Japanese and American public statements regarding military action, August 2 and 3, 1918—British statement, August 8, 1918 (Documents 385–405)
          • Proposals for the political direction of intervention and for augmentation of the forces: attitude of the United States—Japanese activities in Manchuria—Arrival of American and Allied troops at Vladivostok—Increase of the Japanese forces—Reply of the Soviet government to American and Japanese statements (Documents 406–441)
          • Special mission of Ambassador Morris to Vladivostok: his recommendation that an American force be sent to Omsk—Westward movement of the Czecho-Slovaks from Vladivostok: reverses on the Volga—Formation of a government by Constituent Assembly delegates at Samara: conference at Ufa with other organizations (Documents 442–477)
          • Declaration restricting American operations, September 26, 1918—Formation of the all-Russian provisional government at Ufa: fusion with the Siberian government at Omsk—Further increase of Japanese forces (Documents 478–524)
          • Representations of the American Government against the size of Japanese forces and the degree of control assumed in Manchuria and Siberia, November 16, 1918—The establishment of Kolchak as Supreme Governor at Omsk, November 18, 1918—Refusal of Semenov to recognize Kolchak’s authority (Documents 525–561)
          • Representations of the American Government against Japanese support of Semenov, December 16, 1918—Continuance of the conflict—Reduction of the Japanese forces (Documents 562–570)
        • Chapter II. The northern region
          • Opposition in Archangel to the Soviet régime—German threat through Finland to the Murman Railway—Shipment of arms and stores to the interior of Russia—British requests for the dispatch of American forces to Murmansk—Arrival of a French warship—Landing of armed forces—Allied cooperation with the Murmansk Soviet—Arrival of an American cruiser—German and Soviet demands for withdrawal of Allied and American forces—Agreement of July 6, 1918, with the Murmansk Soviet—Argument of the Consul at Archangel against intervention (Documents 571–610)
          • Occupation of Archangel by Allied forces, August 2, 1918—Overthrow of the Soviet and formation of the Supreme government of the northern region—Relations with the Allied and American diplomatic representatives and military authorities—Arrival of American troops, September 4, 1918 (Documents 611–627)
          • Coup d’état of September 5, 1918: restoration of the deposed government through efforts of the American Ambassador—Protest of the American Government against the conduct of the British commander in chief—Plan of the reinstated ministers to resign in favor of the Samara government: efforts of the American Ambassador to dissuade them (Documents 628–649)
          • Proposal for increasing the American forces at Archangel and extending the operations: refusal of the American Government, September 26, 1918—Reorganization of the local government: subordination to the all-Russian government at Omsk—Disapproval of the Ambassador’s plan to recruit an American-Slavic legion—Replacement of the commander in chief—Disaffection among the American soldiers and among the local Russian recruits (Documents 650–681)
          • Retention of American and Allied troops in north Russia after the armistice with Germany—Local attitude toward the Kolchak government at Omsk (Documents 682–695)
        • Chapter III. Southeastern Russia and the Caucasus
          • Nationalist and anti-Bolshevik movements: the Don Cossacks under Kaledin, the Southeastern federation, the Trans-Caucasus, the Volunteer Army under Alexeev and Kornilov—Attitude of the American and Allied Governments toward de facto political and military authorities (Documents 696–733)
          • Bolshevik, Turkish, and German advances—Formation of the independent states of North Caucasus, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan—The Cossack organization under Krasnov—Revival of the Volunteer Army: succession of Denikin as its commander—Formation of a governmental commission attached to the army—Recognition by it of the supreme authority of Kolchak (Documents 734–765)
        • Chapter IV. The Ukraine and the Crimea
          • Establishment of a Ukrainian government—Relations with the Soviet government, the Central powers, and the Allies—The treaty of Brest Litovsk with the Central powers, February 9, 1918 (Documents 766–786)
          • Capture of Kiev and Odessa by the Bolsheviks and subsequently by the Austro-German forces—Austro-German occupation of the Ukraine and the Crimea—Establishment of the Skoropadski government in the Ukraine, April 29, 1918—The Crimean government of Sulkevich—Exploitation of these regions by the Central powers—Appeal of the Ukrainian National Council to President Wilson, October 15, 1918 (Documents 787–816)
          • Declaration of the intention of the Allied Governments to maintain order in the Ukraine—Landing of Allied troops at Odessa—Establishment of the Directory by Petlyura (Documents 817–828)
        • Chapter V. Bessarabia
          • The Moldavian Republic: military support by Rumania—Announcement by the Soviet government of a state of war with Rumania: expulsion of the Rumanian Minister and sequestration of Rumanian gold—Agreement between Rumania and the Soviet government, March 9, 1918—Union of Bessarabia with Rumania, April 9, 1918 (Documents 829–854)
        • Chapter VI. Finland
          • Indefinite relations with the Russian Provisional Government—Autonomy law passed by the Diet, July 18, 1917—Dissolution of the Diet; elections of October 2, 1917—Labor disturbances in protest against bourgeois control (Documents 855–862)
          • Proclamation of independence, December 4–6, 1917: attitude of the American and other governments—Recognition by Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and France, January 4–10, 1918—Seizure of power by the Red Guards; civil war with the White Guards under Mannerheim—Swedish occupation of the Åland Islands—Request for American recognition by commissioners of the White government: counter-representations by the delegate of the Red government—Appeals for food (Documents 863–913)
          • Treaties between Finland and the Soviet government, March 1, 1918, and between Finland and the German Government, March 7, 1918 (Documents 914–919)
          • German military intervention against the Red Guards; victory of the White Guards—Advances into Karelia and toward the Murman Railway—New negotiations with the Soviet government—British, French, and American attitude toward the White government and representatives of the former Red government—Resignation of Mannerheim—Monarchist movement: election of Frederick Carl of Hesse, October 9, 1918 (Documents 920–977)
          • Withdrawal of German troops—Formation of a new government under Mannerheim—Decision of the American Government to ship food (Documents 978–982)
        • Chapter VII. The Baltic Countries
          • Appeals from Esthonia and Latvia for support of independence: attitude of Great Britain—Declaration of the independence of Lithuania and request for recognition: attitude of the United States; recognition by Germany—Movement by the Baltic Germans for a monarchy in personal union with Prussia: qualified response by the German Government—Protests by delegates of the Esthonian Provisional Government: reception of these delegates by the British, French, and Italian Governments—Refusal of visa for an Esthonian delegate to the United States—Protest of the Lettish National Committee against German rule; claim to independence—British project for a Lettish legion: attitude of the United States (Documents 983–1003)
          • The question of protection of the Baltic countries from Bolshevism upon withdrawal of the German troops: Attempts to enlist the help of the Scandinavian countries—Postponement of German withdrawal in the armistice—Formation of national governments in Esthonia, Latvia, and Lithuania—Reservation of consideration of national claims by the United States until the peace conference—Dispatch of a British naval force to the Baltic Sea—German withdrawal and Bolshevik advance—Yudenich’s project of an anti-Bolshevik force to take Petrograd (Documents 1004–1029)
      • Index

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